राणाशासनकाे उदय र पतनका कारणहरु(Reasons for the rise and fall of the Rana regime)

राणाशासनकाे उदय

१.नेपालीको अस्थिर राजनीति
पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको मृत्युुपछि उनका छाेरा प्रतापसिंह शाह राजा भए तर २ वर्ष ९ महिना शासन गरेपछि उनको मृत्यु भयो र उनका छाेरा रणबहादुर शाह तीन वर्षको उमेरमा राजा भए । यसपछि नेपालमा अस्थिर राजनीति सुरु भयो ।
२.हत्याको शृङ्खला
माथवरसिंह थापाको हत्यापछि फत्तेजङ चाैतरिया प्रधानमन्त्री भए तापनि दरबारमा रानी राज्यलक्ष्मीका प्रिय पात्र गगनसिंह प्रभावशाली थिए । वि.सं. १९०३ भदौ ३१ गते राति गगनसिंहकाे पनि अचानक हत्या भएपछि त्यसै रात उनकाे हत्यारा पत्ता लगाउने निहुँमा काेतमा भेला भएका अधिकांश भारदारहरुकाे हत्या भयो । यसलाई काेतपर्व भनिन्छ ।
३. तीन पर्वहरु
सर्वप्रथम काेतपर्व भयाे । यसबाट जङ्गबहादुर नेपालका प्रधानमन्त्री र प्रधान सेनापति भए । यसपछि वि.सं. १९०३ कात्तिक १७ गते भण्डार खाल पर्व भयाे । यस पर्वबाट जङ्गबहादुरले राजा राजेन्द्र रानी राज्यलक्ष्मीलाई देशनिकाला गरे । यसपछि भएको अलाै पर्वबाट जङ्गबहादुरले राजा राजेन्द्रलाई राजगद्दीविरुद्ध क्रियाकलाप गरेको दाेष लगाई नजरबन्द गरेर सुरेन्द्रलाई राजा घाेषित गरे । अाफू सर्वशक्तिमान भई नेपालको शासन चलाए ।
४.राजपरिवारसँग वैवाहिक सम्बन्ध
जङ्गबहादुर अाफूले पनि फत्तेजङ शाहकी बहिनीसँग विवाह गरे । राजा सुरेन्द्रकाे विवाह आफ्नो भाई कृष्णबहादुरकाे छाेरीसँग गराए । अाफ्नाे दुई छाेरा जगतजङ र जीतजङकाे विवाह राजा सुरेन्द्रकी छाेरीसँग गराए । पछि गएर उनका दुई छाेरीहरुकाे विवाह पनि युवराज त्रैलाेक्यसँग भयाे । यस्ताे वैवाहिक सम्बन्धले गर्दा उनकाे सामाजिक प्रतिष्ठा बढ्नुका साथै अझ शक्तिशाली भए ।
५.वि.सं. १९१३ साउन २४ काे लालमाेहर
वि.सं. १८५६ राजा सुरेन्द्रले जङ्गबहादरलाई कास्की र लमजुङको श्री ३ महाराजकाे पदवी दिएपछि जङ्गबहादुरकाे शक्ति सर्वाेच्च स्थानमा पुग्याे र राणाहरुकाे शासनको जग बस्याे । उनले हत्या, षड्यन्त्र र रक्तपातले क्षीण बनाएको नेपाललाई शक्ति र स्थायित्व प्रदान गरि एकतन्त्रीय शासनको सुरुवान गरे ।

जङ्गबहादुर राणा 

राणाशासन पतनका कारणहरु

१. पारिवारिक सङ्घर्ष
जङ्गबहादुकै समयमा पनि उनलाई सत्ताच्युत गर्ने धेरै प्रयासहरु भए तर सफल हुन सकेनन् । उनकाे मृत्युपछि भएको १९३८ साल १९४२ सालका पर्वहरुमा उनका भाइका छाेराहरुले जङ्गबहादुरका सन्तानहरु सबैलाई खतम गरि प्रधानमन्त्रीकाे नयाँ राेलक्रम तयार गरे जसमा धीरशमशेरका छाेराहरु शक्तिशाली भए ।
२.सी क्लासका राणाहरुकाे निष्कासन
चन्द्रशमशेरले राणा परिवारमा ए, बी र सीकाे वर्गीकरण गरि राणा परिवारमा वैमनस्यकाे अर्को बिज राेपे । जुद्धशमशेरले सी क्लासका राणाहरुलाई प्रधानमन्त्रीकाे राेलक्रमबाट हटाई देशनिकाला गरे जसले गर्दा सी क्लासका निष्कािसित राणाहरु राणाशासन विराेधी भए ।
३. राणाविराेधी अान्दोलन
जङ्गबहादुरकाे समयमा राणाहरुकाे एकतन्त्रीय निरङ्कुश शासनकाे विराेध नै सुरु भएको थियाे । प्रथम विश्वयुद्धपछि असगङ्ठित रुपमा विद्रोहका अावजहरु उठेकाे थियो तर चन्द्रशमशेरले दबाए । मकै पर्व, अार्य समाज अादिका रुपमा देखिएका विद्रोही अावाज चन्द्रशमशेरले नै दबाएका थिए । वि.सं. १९८७ पछि चर्खाप्रचार अभियान, प्रचण्ड गाेरखा, महावीर स्कुल, पुस्तकालय पर्व, प्रजापरिषद, जयतु संस्कृतम् अादि सङ्गठित अान्दाेलनकाे क्रम सुरु भयाे ।
४.राजा त्रिभुवनकाे गद्दी त्याग र सशस्त्र संर्घष
वि.सं.२००७ कात्तिकमा राजा त्रिभुवनले नारायणहिटी दरबार त्याग गरी भारतमा शरण लिन गएपछि राणा विराेधी अान्दोलन चरम सीमामा पुग्यो र वि.सं. २००७ सालमा फागुन ७ गते प्रजातन्त्रको घाेषणा भएपछि राणाशासन अन्त भयाे ।

राजा सुरेन्द्र शाह

English Translation:-

Rise of Rana rule

1. Unstable politics of Nepal
After the death of Prithvinarayan Shah, his son Pratap Singh Shah became the king but he died after ruling for 2 years and 9 months and his son Ran Bahadur Shah became the king at the age of three. After this, unstable politics started in Nepal.
2. A series of murders
After the assassination of Mathwar Singh Thapa, Fateh Jang Chaitaria became the Prime Minister, but Gagan Singh, the beloved character of Rani Rajyalakshmi, was influential in the court. After the sudden assassination of Gagan Singh on the night of 31st bhadra 1903, most of the Bhardars who had gathered in Kait on the same night to find his killer were killed. This is called Kateparva.
3. Three festivals
First of all, there was a festival. From this, Jung Bahadur became the Prime Minister and Chief of Army Staff of Nepal. After this the  Bhandar Khal festival was held on  kartik 3, 1903 B.S. From this festival, Jung Bahadur deported King Rajendra Rani Rajyalakshmi. From the ensuing Alai festival, Jung Bahadur arrested King Rajendra on the charge of acting against the throne and proclaimed Surendra king. He ruled Nepal as Almighty.
4. Marital relationship with the royal family

Jung Bahadur himself also married the sister of Fateh Jang Shah. King Surendra married his brother Krishna Bahadur's daughter. He got his two sons Jagat Jung and Jit Jung married to King Surendra's daughter. Later, his two daughters also got married to Yuvaraj Trailakya. Due to such marital relations, her social prestige increased and she became more powerful.
5.Sharwan 24, 1913 BS  Lalmaher
V.S. After King Surendra conferred the title of Shri 3 Maharaj of Kaski and Lamjung on King Surendra in 1856, Jung Bahadur's power reached its highest point and laid the foundation of the Rana rule. He ushered in an autocratic rule by giving strength and stability to Nepal, which had been weakened by murder, conspiracy and bloodshed.

Reasons for the fall of the Rana regime

1. Family conflict
Even during the reign of Jung Bahadur, many attempts were made to overthrow him but they were not successful. After his death, in the festivals of 1938 and 1942, his brother's sons wiped out all the children of Jung Bahadur and prepared a new line of prime ministers in which Dhir Shamsher's sons became powerful.
2. Expulsion of C class Rana
Chandrashamsher classified A, B and C in the Rana family and planted another seed of animosity in the Rana family. Juddhashamsher deported the C-class ranas from the PM's post, which led to the expulsion of the C-class ranas against the Rana rule.
3. Anti-Rana movement
During the reign of Jung Bahadur, the opposition to the autocratic rule of the Rana dynasty had begun. Voices of unorganized rebellion were raised after the First World War, but Chandrashamsher suppressed them. Chandrashamsher was the one who suppressed the rebellious voice of Maize Festival, Arya Samaj etc. After 1987 BS, organized movements like Charkha Prachar Abhiyan, Prachanda Gaerkha, Mahavir School, Library Festival, Praja Parishad, Jayatu Sanskritam etc. started.
4. King Tribhuvan's abdication and armed struggle
After King Tribhuvan left the Narayanhiti court and took refuge in India in kartik 2007 B.S,the anti-Rana movement reached its climax. The Rana regime came to an end after the proclamation of democracy on falgun 7, 2007.
written by K.S.G