अगस्ट १९४१ मा अमेरिकि राष्ट्रपति फ्रयाङ्कलिन रुजवेल्ट तथा बेलायती प्रधानमन्त्री विन्स्टन चर्चिल(Winston Churchil) ले अान्ध महासागरमा रहेको युदपाेतभित्र संयुक्त राष्ट्रसंघजस्ता विश्वसंस्थाकाे स्थापना गर्ने विषयमा सन्धि गरेका थिए, जसलाई एटलान्टिक चार्टर भनिन्छ ।
२६ जुन १९४५ मा ५० अाेटा राष्ट्रहरुले अमेरिकाले सनफ्रान्सिस्काे (san francisco) मा संयुक्त राष्ट्रसंघकाे घाेषणापत्र(Charter) मा हस्ताक्षर गरे । २४ अक्टुबर १९४५ मा ५१ अाेटा राष्ट्रहरु मिलेर न्युयोर्क (New York) मा प्रधान कार्यलय रहने गरि संयुक्त राष्ट्रसंघकाे स्थापना गरे जसका प्रमुख अङगहरु यसप्रकार छन्:
(i)महासभा:-याे संयुक्त राष्ट्रसंघको संसद् हाे । राष्ट्रसंघको घाेषणापत्रकाे अधीनमा रही यसका सदस्य राष्ट्रहरूले बाेल्न र मत दिन पाउँदछन् । मत दिँदा एक राष्ट्र एक मतको अाधार रहन्छ । यसले संयुक्त राष्ट्रसंघको वार्षिक बजेट पारित गर्नुको साथै कुनै देशले राष्ट्रसंघकाे सदस्य हुन अावेदन दिएमा सदस्यता लागि सिफारिस गर्ने गर्दछ ।
(ii)सचिवालय:-सचिवालयले महासभाले गरेकाे निर्णयलाई कार्यान्वयन गर्दछ । यसकाे प्रमुखलाई महासचिव भनिन्छ । महासभाले पाँच वर्षका लागि महासचिव नियुक्त गर्दछ ।
(iii)सुरक्षा परिषद्:-सुरक्षा परिषदमा अमेरिका, बेलायत, फ्रान्स,रुस र चीन गरि पाँच राष्ट्रहरू स्थायी सदस्य र पन्ध्र राष्ट्रहरु अस्थायी सदस्य रहन्छन् । अस्थायी सदस्यहरु महासभाबाट पालैपालो गरि दुई वर्षका लागि निर्वाचनत हुन्छन् । यसकाे मुख्य काम शान्ति सुरक्षा कायम राख्नका लागि सेना परिचालन गर्नु हाे । यसका स्थायी सदस्यहरुले भने निषेधधाधिकार(Veto) प्रयाेग गरि महासभाले गरेकाे निर्णयलाई गरेको निर्णयलाई अस्वीकार गर्न सक्छन् ।
(iv)अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय न्यायालय:-अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय न्यायालयमा पन्ध्र न्यायाधीशहरु रहन्छन् । यिनीहरुले निर्वाचन नाै वर्षका निम्ति सुरक्षा परिषद् र महासभाबाट गरिन्छ । कुनै पनि देशबाट एकभन्दा बढी न्यायाधीश नियुक्त हुन पाइँदैन । यसको प्रधान कार्यालय हल्यान्डकाे हेगमा छ । यसकाे मुख्य काम सदस्य राष्ट्रहरुबीचकाे विवाद सुल्झाउनु हाे ।
(v)संरक्षण परिषद् :- सुरक्षा परिषद्का पाँच स्थायी सदस्य नै यसका पनि सदस्य हुन्छन् । यसकाे मुख्य काम विश्वयुद्धमा पराजित तथा उपनिवेशमा रहेका राष्ट्रहरू अात्मनिर्णय गर्न सक्ने स्थितिमा नपुग्दासम्म तिनको हेरविचार गर्नु हाे ।
(vi)अार्थिक एवम् सामाजिक परिषद् :- याे परिषद् अार्थिक, सामाजिक, सांस्कृतिक र मानवीय गतिविधि जस्ता विषयमा हेर्दछ । यसमा ५४ जना सदस्य हुन्छन्, जसको कार्यलय तीन वर्षकाे हुन्छ । प्रत्येक वर्ष एक तिहाई अथवा १८ जना सदस्यकाे निर्वाचन हुन्छ र एउटा कार्यकारी सभा बन्दछ, जसले विभिन्न कामहरुकाे रेखदेख गर्दछ । यहाँ साधारण बहुमतद्वरा प्रस्ताव पास गरिन्छ र प्रत्येक सदस्यलाई एक भाेटकाे अधिकार हुन्छ ।
English Translation
It is said that the United Nations was established to fulfill what the First World War was completed by the Second World War and what the United Nations could not accomplish. There are some good things in the devastation of war, one of them is the establishment of the United Nations.
In August 1941, US President Franklin Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill signed a treaty to establish a world body, such as the United Nations, in the Atlantic War, known as the Atlantic Charter.
On June 26, 1945, 50 nations signed the United Nations Charter in San Francisco. On October 24, 1945, 51 nations formed the United Nations, headquartered in New York, with the following major components:
(i) General Assembly: This is the Parliament of the United Nations. Subject to the Declaration of the United Nations, its member nations have the right to vote. When voting, a nation is the basis of one vote. It passes the annual budget of the United Nations and recommends membership if any country applies for membership.
(ii) Secretariat: The Secretariat implements the decisions made by the General Assembly. Its head is called the secretary general. The General Assembly appoints the Secretary General for a term of five years.
(iii) Security Council: The Security Council has five permanent members and fifteen non-permanent members, including the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Russia and China. Temporary members are elected alternately by the General Assembly for a term of two years. Its main task is to mobilize the army to maintain peace and security. Its permanent members, however, can use their veto power to overturn the decision of the General Assembly.
(iv) International Court of Justice: The International Court of Justice has fifteen judges. These elections are held by the Security Council and the General Assembly for one year. No country can appoint more than one judge. It is headquartered in The Hague, the Netherlands. Its main function is to resolve disputes between member states.
(v) Conservation Council: - The five permanent members of the Security Council are also its members. Its main function is to take care of the defeated and colonized nations until they reach a state of self-determination.
(vi) Economic and Social Council: - This council looks after issues such as economic, social, cultural and humanitarian activities. It has 54 members, whose office lasts for three years. Each year, one-third or 18 members are elected and an executive council is formed, which oversees various tasks. Here the resolution is passed by a simple majority and each member has the right to one meeting
Written By K.S.G
No comments:
Post a Comment
Please leave your comment below